Q-Eng

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世界には大量の核兵器がある。 これは万一の核攻撃から少しでも身を守る科学指針。
放射性降下物は最初の１時間で半分､最初の１日で8割のエネルギーを放出するため
24時間 屋内に居ることで 深刻な放射線の影響を劇的に減らせる。

易　５分　150wpm　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　2019年　　　　　　 　　　　

字幕 ： 開始後 で字幕On/Off､ で言語選択。文字の色やサイズﾞはｵﾌﾟｼｮﾝから｡
.　　　　 動画を見るとき、 でフルスクリーンに拡大すると見やすい。

★下記英文は ポップアップ辞書が使えます｡
　　テキストはこちら⇒英日トランスクリプト （字幕はYouTubeの方が大きく見やすい）　　　　　　　　

The full scope of a nuclear detonation（爆発） is almost unimaginable. Hopefully, no one will ever experience another of these catastrophic incidents. But there is a scientifically supported plan of action that could save hundreds of thousands of lives in the area surrounding a nuclear explosion.
So what is this plan, and what exactly would it protect us from?
　detonation ： 爆弾や火山のように衝撃波を伴う爆発 （爆轟 ﾊﾞｸｺﾞｳ という）

To create their destructive blast, these weapons harness（利用する） the power of nuclear fission（核分裂） in which an atom’s nucleus is split in two. This process produces an incredible amount of energy, and in some materials the neutrons produced by one fission are absorbed by nearby atoms, splitting additional nuclei. These chain reactions can produce a range of explosive yields, but let’s consider an explosion equivalent to 10,000 tons of TNT.

An explosion like this would create a fireball capable of decimating (全滅させる） a few city blocks and a shockwave damaging buildings several kilometers away. There is tragically nothing that can be done to save those in the fireball’s radius. However, for those in the shockwave and beyond, our scientifically supported protocol could be life saving.

And though it may sound surprising, the best way to stay protected before, during, and after a nuclear detonation, is getting inside. Similar to protecting yourself from tornadoes or hurricanes, getting and staying inside a sturdy building would offer protection from the explosion’s shockwave, heat, and radiation.

The shockwave of energy would travel several kilometers beyond the fireball’s radius in the first few seconds. Sturdy buildings within that range should be able to withstand the shockwave, and staying in the centers and basements of these buildings also helps provide protection from heat and flying objects.

Finding shelter is especially important if the fireball occurs close to the earth, as it will pull thousands of tons of dirt and debris several kilometers into the atmosphere. As the fireball cools, unstable atoms created by the nuclear fission mix with the debris to produce the most dangerous long-term effect of a nuclear detonation: radioactive particles called fallout（放射性降下物）.

These sand-sized particles emit ionizing radiation, capable of separating electrons from molecules and atoms. Exposure to massive amounts of this radiation can result in cell damage, radiation burns, radiation sickness, cancer, and even death.

Created several kilometers up, dangerous concentrations of this material would be driven by upper atmospheric winds, potentially leading to hazardous levels of fallout in areas up to tens of kilometers downwind. Thankfully, the same buildings that offer protection from the blast are even better at guarding against fallout.

Radiation is reduced as it travels through space and mass. So while a broken window and sealed window both have the same minimal effect on radiation, thick layers of steel, concrete, and packed earth can offer serious protection.

And since fallout gives off half of its energy in the first hour and 80% in the first day, staying inside for 24 hours could dramatically improve the odds of avoiding the most serious effects of radiation.

Following the blast there would be at least 15 minutes to find shelter before the fallout begins. Since the most hazardous fallout particles are the heaviest, they sink through the air and collect on streets and rooftops, making ideal shelters underground or in the middle of high-rise buildings. But if someone were to get caught in the fallout, there are still measures they could take.

After finding a safe space, they should remove their shoes and outer layers, wash any exposed skin, and store the contaminated clothing far away. Once inside, plan on staying there for at least 24 hours. If the shelter is poor, or someone inside needs urgent medical attention, try seeking outside help after an hour.

But ideally, stay inside and stay tuned for more information from first responders. While electric power, cell service（携帯）, and Internet would be down, most radios would likely survive. So listen in for emergency responders to determine the safest course forward.
　携帯電話 ： 米国では略して cellがふつう。 正式にはcellular ｐhone または cell phone
　　　　　　　　　英国ではmobile phone と言う

Nuclear weapons are some of the most powerful tools of destruction on Earth, and it may seem naive to put faith in these straightforward protective measures. But studies and simulations have repeatedly shown the benefits of getting inside. So while we’ll hopefully never need to, remember to Get Inside, Stay Inside, and Stay Tuned.
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