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[調査] objective, goal, aim, purpose の違い
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1: hadaさん
今回は手強い相手ですね。 thesaurus で調べると何か傾向があるかな?と思ったけど、それほど違いはわからず、online etymology をあたってみました。 http://www.etymonline.com/ 目的や目標という意味で使われた古い順に並べてみると… ・purpose late 13c., from O.Fr. porpos "aim, intention" (12c.), from porposer "to put forth," from por- "forth" (from L. pro- "forth") + O.Fr. poser "to put, place" (see pose). On purpose "by design" is attested from 1580s; earlier of purpose (early 15c.). → to put forth …前に向かって進めること? ・aim (n.) early 14c., "target;" late 14c., "guess;" from aim (v.). Meaning "action of aiming" is from early 15c. (to take aim, originally make aim); that of "thing intended, purpose" is from 1620s. → もともとは動詞の aim、 early 14c., "to estimate, calculate," also "to intend," from O.Fr. から ・goal 1530s, "end point of a race," of uncertain origin, perhaps from O.E. *gal "obstacle, barrier," a word implied by gælan "to hinder." The word goal appears once before this, in a poem from early 14c. and with an apparent sense of "boundary, limit." Sports sense of "place where the ball is put to score" is attested from 1540s. Figurative sense of "object of an effort" is from 1540s. → レースにある最後の障害物? ・objective 1610s, originally in the philosophical sense of "considered in relation to its object" (opposite of subjective), formed on pattern of M.L. objectivus, from objectum "object" (see object (n.)). Meaning "impersonal, unbiased" is first found 1855, influenced by Ger. objektiv. The noun is 1738, with sense of "something objective to the mind;" meaning "goal, aim" is first as a military term from the American Civil War, 1864 (in objective point), from French; general use of it is first attested 1881. → goal 的な使い方は、軍用用語からはじまったので堅苦しい世界で使われそう
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